Maine's secretary of state on Thursday ruled former President Trump is disqualified from holding office and appearing on the state's primary ballot under section 3 of the 14th Amendment over his role in the Jan. 6, 2021 assault on the U.S. Capitol.

"The U.S. Constitution does not tolerate an assault on the foundations of our government, and Section 336 requires me to act in response," Secretary of State Shenna Bellows, a Democrat, wrote in her decision.

"Given the compressed timeframe, the novel constitutional questions involved, the importance of this case, and impending ballot preparation deadlines, I will suspend the effect of my decision until the Superior Court rules on any appeal, or the time to appeal…has expired," Bellows added.

In an interview with CBS News Thursday night, Bellows further explained her reasoning.

"My obligation under Maine State law was to issue a decision very quickly, not permitted under Maine law to wait for the United States Supreme Court to intervene in this particular proceeding," Bellows told CBS News. "I was required to issue that decision. And I could only look at the hearing, evidence, and facts that were presented during that hearing. In evaluating the weight of evidence, it made clear that Mr. Trump was aware of the tinder that was laid in a multi-month effort to delegitimize the 2020 election, and then chose to light a match."

The ruling notes that the decision can be appealed to the Superior Court within 5 days. 

"I stayed the impact, or the effect, of my decision, pending that opportunity to appeal in Superior Court, because I think it's really important, recognizing how fast the timeline is, but also recognizing the requirements that I have as Secretary of State to prepare a ballot, to wait and see what the court tells us to do," Bellows told CBS News. "So no ballots have been printed, no ballots will be printed, until the Superior Court makes a decision." 

Bellows is the first election official to unilaterally make a decision on Trump's eligibility. Under Maine law, voters must first petition the secretary of state with challenges to a candidate's qualifications for office, and then a public hearing is held where the challengers must make their case as to why the primary nomination should be invalidated. 

"I am mindful that no Secretary of State has ever deprived a presidential candidate of ballot access based on Section Three of the Fourteenth Amendment," wrote Bellows. "I am also mindful, however, that no presidential candidate has ever before engaged in insurrection." 

The Trump campaign said it will appeal.

"We will quickly file a legal objection in state court to prevent this atrocious decision in Maine from taking effect," Trump campaign spokesman Steven Cheung said in a statement Thursday night.

"We are witnessing, in real-time, the attempted theft of an election and the disenfranchisement of the American voter," he added.

On Wednesday, Trump's lawyers sent a letter that asked Bellows to disqualify herself and claimed she had "personal bias," citing prior statements where she had "already concluded that President Trump engaged in insurrection."

The Maine decision comes a week after the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that Trump is disqualified from the ballot in that state — a decision that has been stayed while it is being appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Bellows said she received three challenges to Trump's primary nomination petition, two of which argued that the former president did not meet the qualifications for the presidency because he had engaged in insurrection and is therefore ineligible to hold public office under Section 3 of the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. 

The third challenge argued that Trump should be found ineligible under the 22nd Amendment, which establishes that "no person should be elected to the office of president more than twice." Under this theory, the petitioner, Paul Gordon, said that Trump should be disqualified because he has long claimed to have won the 2020 election. 

Bellows held a hearing on the bids to remove Trump's name from the primary ballot on Dec. 15. She was expected to rule on the validity of the challenges by Dec. 22, but asked for additional information from the parties in light of the Colorado Supreme Court's decision.

Bellows concluded that Trump had engaged in insurrection and that sufficient evidence had been provided to "demonstrate the falsity of Mr. Trump's declaration that he meets the qualifications of the office of the presidency."

Republican Sen. Susan Collins of Maine wrote Thursday night on social media: "Maine voters should decide who wins the election – not a Secretary of State chosen by the Legislature. The Secretary of State's decision would deny thousands of Mainers the opportunity to vote for the candidate of their choice, and it should be overturned."

Sen. Angus King, an Independent, also disagreed with the decision, writing: "Although I respect the Secretary of State's careful process — which she was specifically required to undertake under Maine law — absent a final judicial determination of a violation of the 14th Amendment's disqualification clause, I believe the decision as to whether or not Mr. Trump should again be considered for the presidency should rest with the people as expressed in free and fair elections."

More than a dozen other states are considering challenges seeking to bar Trump from their ballots.

Courts in several states have rejected such challenges. The Michigan Supreme Court ruled against such an effort on procedural grounds earlier this week, keeping Trump on the primary ballot there. The Minnesota Supreme Court ruled in November that it would not bar him from the primary ballot, but left the door open to considering a potential challenge should Trump be the Republican nominee in the general election.

California's secretary of state declined to remove Trump from that state's ballot despite a call for her to do so from the state's lieutenant governor. Dr. Shirley Weber's office released a list of certified candidates Thursday night. 

In:
• Donald Trump
• Republican Party
• Maine

Jordan Freiman

Jordan Freiman is an editor and writer for CBSNews.com. He covers breaking news, trending stories, sports and crime. Jordan has previously worked at Spin and Death and Taxes.